The French Navy’s future nuclear attack submarine, De Grasse, commenced its inaugural sea trials on February 24, 2026. This milestone marks a pivotal transition for the vessel, which now begins a comprehensive series of performance tests ahead of its formal delivery to the fleet later this year.
The fourth Barracuda-class SSN has been progressing through a meticulous commissioning process since its launch in May 2025. Following extensive dock-side evaluations, the submarine reached a critical internal milestone in December 2025 when its nuclear reactor was successfully brought online. These sequential operations, conducted both in the assembly hall and within the construction yard’s docks, ensured the integrity and functionality of the boat’s complex systems before venturing into open water.
With the Suffren, Duguay-Trouin, and Tourville already in active service, De Grasse represents the latest addition to France’s next-generation submarine fleet. The program continues to advance, with the remaining two vessels—Rubis and Casabianca—taking shape at Naval Group’s facilities. Their staggered delivery schedule is set to extend through the remainder of the decade, systematically replacing the six Ruby-class submarines that have served since the 1980s.
A Program of Strategic Longevity
Overseen by the French defense procurement agency (DGA) in collaboration with the Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) for its nuclear propulsion system, the Barracuda initiative represents a multi-decade commitment to naval superiority. Naval Group serves as the prime contractor, handling design, construction, and logistical support, while TechnicAtome contributes essential nuclear component manufacturing. With an operational lifespan exceeding 30 years, these submarines will remain a cornerstone of French defense strategy well into the 2060s. Currently, a workforce of approximately 2,500 personnel, including 800 subcontractors, sustains the production effort.
Stealth and Versatility
Designed for contemporary and future threats, the Barracuda-class offers significant advancements over its predecessors. Renowned as one of the world’s quietest submarine classes, it ensures tactical supremacy through advanced weaponry. Its arsenal includes MBDA’s naval cruise missiles (NCM) for deep-strike precision, Naval Group’s F21 heavyweight torpedoes, and modernized SM39 Exocet anti-ship missiles. Additionally, the vessels are optimized for the discreet deployment of special operations forces.
The submarines displace 5,200 tons while submerged and stretch 99 meters in length. They utilize hybrid propulsion powered by a pressurized water reactor, derived from technology used in France’s SSBNs and the Charles de Gaulle aircraft carrier. With a crew of just 63, plus accommodation for commandos, the class boasts exceptional availability of over 270 days at sea per year.
